ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the social networking using status of medical students, develop the social networking using status scale (SNUSS) and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:In March 2018, 665 valid questionnaires were collected via cluster sampling. The scale was retest in 46 subjects after an interval of 2 months. Factor analysis, correlation analysis and t-test were used to calculate the structure validity and content validity of the scale to evaluate the scale validity, and internal consistency reliability, broken half reliability and retest reliability were used to evaluate the scale reliability. Results:The result of exploratory factor analysis showed NSUSS had two subscales: the dimension of maintaining existing social relations and social network use and the dimension of expanding circle of friends and social network use. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor load value of each item was greater than 0.500 ( P < 0.05), and the model fitted well ( χ2/ df = 2.873, GFI = 0.970, CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.074). The r value of correlation between SNUSS and MSPSS was 0.295. I-CVIs were all equal to 0.90, and S-CVI was 0.90, the internal consistency reliability was 0.764, the split-half reliability was 0.555, and the retest reliability was 0.526. Conclusion:SNUSS has good reliability and validity for the use of social network among medical college students, and the use of social network is related to perceived social support.
ABSTRACT
Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsule, a herb medicine product, has been clinically proved to be effective in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia treatment. However, human exposure to LHQW components and their pharmacological effects remain largely unknown. Hence, this study aimed to determine human exposure to LHQW components and their anti-COVID-19 pharmacological activities. Analysis of LHQW component profiles in human plasma and urine after repeated therapeutic dosing was conducted using a combination of HRMS and an untargeted data-mining approach, leading to detection of 132 LHQW prototype and metabolite components, which were absorbed
ABSTRACT
Background@#Identification of modifiable dietary factors, which are involved in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), could inform strategies to prevent GDM. @*Methods@#We examined the dietary patterns in a Chinese population and evaluated their relationship with GDM risk using a case-control study including 1,464 cases and 8,092 control subjects. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the imbalance of covariates between cases and controls. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis while their associations with GDM risk were evaluated using logistic regression models. @*Results@#A “vegetable” dietary pattern was characterized as the consumption of green leafy vegetables (Chinese little greens and bean seedling), other vegetables (cabbages, carrots, tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, mushrooms, peppers, bamboo shoots, agarics, and garlic), and bean products (soybean milk, tofu, kidney beans, and cowpea). For every quartile increase in the vegetables factor score during 1 year prior to conception, the first trimester, and the second trimester of pregnancy, the GDM risk lowered by 6% (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.99), 7% (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.99), and 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.96). @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, our study suggests that the vegetable dietary pattern is associated with lower GDM risk; however, the interpretation of the result should with caution due to the limitations in our study, and additional studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanism of this relationship.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of kangaroo care on the neurological behavior of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) neonates with asphyxia.Methods:Totally 76 cases of neonatal asphyxia admitted to NICU from January 2018 to December 2018 were randomly divided into observation group (40 cases) and observation group (36 cases). The control group was given routine nursing care, while the observation group was given kangaroo nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The neurobehavioral changes, the occurrence of nervous system damage and the physical development after 42 days of birth were compared between the two groups.Results:The scores of behavior ability (11.64 ± 0.26), original reflex (5.89 ± 0.32), passive muscle tension (7.64 ± 0.46), active muscle tension (7.83 ± 0.55), general reaction (6.17 ± 0.46) in the intervention observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (11.02 ± 0.39), original reflex (5.53 ± 0.31), passive muscle tension (7.21 ± 0.47), active muscle tension (6.17 ± 0.46) Tension (7.41 ± 0.41), general reaction (5.88 ± 0.41) ( t values were 8.227, 4.970, 4.027, 3.740, 2.888, P<0.05). The incidence of neurological damage in the observation group was 2.50% (1/40) which was significantly lower than 16.67% (6/36) in the control group ( χ 2=4.117, P < 0.05). The growth of body weight (2.17 ± 0.42) kg, length (7.15 ± 1.74) cm and head circumference (4.38 ± 0.93) cm in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.68 ± 0.39) kg, (5.89 ± 1.81) cm, (3.81 ± 0.79) cm ( t values were 5.252, 3.093, 2.863, P<0.05). Conclusion:Kangaroo nursing can effectively promote the neurological development and physical development of neonatal asphyxia, and reduce the nervous system damage of asphyxiated neonates, and the operation is simple and easy, which is worthy of clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Identification of modifiable dietary factors, which are involved in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), could inform strategies to prevent GDM. @*Methods@#We examined the dietary patterns in a Chinese population and evaluated their relationship with GDM risk using a case-control study including 1,464 cases and 8,092 control subjects. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the imbalance of covariates between cases and controls. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis while their associations with GDM risk were evaluated using logistic regression models. @*Results@#A “vegetable” dietary pattern was characterized as the consumption of green leafy vegetables (Chinese little greens and bean seedling), other vegetables (cabbages, carrots, tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, mushrooms, peppers, bamboo shoots, agarics, and garlic), and bean products (soybean milk, tofu, kidney beans, and cowpea). For every quartile increase in the vegetables factor score during 1 year prior to conception, the first trimester, and the second trimester of pregnancy, the GDM risk lowered by 6% (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.99), 7% (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.99), and 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.96). @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, our study suggests that the vegetable dietary pattern is associated with lower GDM risk; however, the interpretation of the result should with caution due to the limitations in our study, and additional studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanism of this relationship.
ABSTRACT
Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amines , Pharmacology , Calcium , Calcium Phosphates , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Dentin , Chemistry , Nanocomposites , Chemistry , Nanoparticles , Tooth Remineralization , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relations between dietary intake during pregnancy and the incidence of their babies with small for gestational age (SGA).@*Methods@#Data on demographics, dietary intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates of the pregnant mothers during the first, second and third trimester, were collected. Information related to birth weight and gestational age of the infants were also gathered. A total of 8 102 women, who delivered their babies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2012 to September 2016, were enrolled in this project. Among them, 961 mothers had infants with SGA but the other 7 141 of them having normal infants. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of dietary nutrient intake on SGA the first, second and third trimester.@*Results@#We found that low dietary intake of protein during the first trimester and following trimesters during pregnancy were positively associated with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.534, 95%CI: 1.217-1.934; OR=1.268, 95%CI: 1.005-1.599; OR=1.310, 95%CI: 1.036-1.655). When adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, we found that when mothers were with a pre-pregnancy BMI less than 18.5 or with low maternal intake of protein during the first trimester, positive association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.872, 95%CI: 1.033-3.395; OR=1.754, 95%CI: 1.125-2.734), was noticed. However, for mothers with a pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.0 or with low protein intake during the first trimester, significant association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.465, 95%CI: 1.089-1.972) was found.@*Conclusions@#Through our observation, maternal dietary intake during pregnancy seemed to be associated with the risk of SGA but the effects of dietary intake were different, according to the BMI of pre-pregnancy population. Early pregnancy appeares as the key period for dietary intake which may influence the SGA.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effect of lipopolysaccharide intervention program on Legionella pneumonia.@*Methods@#C3H/HeN mice (6-8 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. The mice were randomly divided into lipopolysaccharide intervention, non-lipopolysaccharide intervention and control groups. Each group was again divided into three time points: 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Mice in the lipopolysaccharide intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (100 ng per mice), and the rest groups were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. After 24 hours, mice in the lipopolysaccharide intervention and the non-intervention groups mice were infected with Legionella by tracheal injection and the control group was given the same amount of saline. All the mice were killed at 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. The mice were anatomized, lungs of the mice were separated and weighed. Organ coefficients (lung weight/body weight of mice) were calculated. 1 ml Orbital blood was collected. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by flow cytometry. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the upper left lung lobe were measured by ELISA.@*Results@#In the lung organs, the coefficients of lipopolysaccharide non-intervention group were higher than the other groups and there was no significant difference seen between the lipopolysaccharide intervention group and the controls. TLR4 peaked at 12 hours in both the lipopolysaccharide intervention and the non-intervention groups while the TLR4 level in the intervention group was higher than that in the non-intervention group. There were no significant differences appeared on the TLR4 expression levels between the two Legionella pneumonia modelled groups at 24 or 48 hours. There was no significant difference seen regarding the concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β between the intervention and the control groups. The secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the non-intervention group were higher than those in the intervention group at each time point.@*Conclusion@#The lipopolysaccharide intervention program may alleviate the inflammatory symptoms of Legionella infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy.Methods Between March 2012 and September 2016,the pregnant women from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were asked to fill in a set of questionnaires,by which information on general demographic characteristics,diagnosis of GDM and dietary cholesterol intake was collected.Unconditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on GDM,at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy.The association on dietary cholesterol intake and GDM between age groups was also analyzed.Results Data on 9 005 subjects,including 1 388 pregnant women with GDM,was collected.When the amount of cholesterol intake was stratified into quartile,results from the unconditional logistic regression showed that dietary cholesterol intake appeared ≥76.50 mg/d,both in the periods of one year prior to and the second trimester of pregnancy.This amount of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM (one year prior to pregnant:OR=1.230,95％CI:1.018-1.485;second trimester:OR=1.228,95％C1:1.014-1.486).Women who took ≥76.50 mg/d of daily cholesterol during the period of one year prior to,or 46.75-76.50 mg/d during the second trimester of pregnancy,the risks of GDM (OR=4.644,95％CI:1.106-19.499) would increase.Women with daily cholesterol intake over 76.50 mg/d during the period of one year prior to or at the second trimester of pregnancy,there appeared a risk on GDM (OR=1.217,95％ CI:1.012-1.463).When maternal age was divided in two different subgroups and the cholesterol intake level was ≥76.50 mg/d both in the period of one year prior to pregnancy or at the second trimester,the risk of GDM appeared in the subgroup of ＜35 years old (OR=1.336,95％CI:1.083-1.647;OR=1.341,95％CI:1.087-1.654).However,no significant association was found in the maternal age group of ≥35 years old.Conclusion High level of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM,both in the period of one year prior to and at the second trimester of pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between the status of HBsAg-positive infection of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants.Methods A total of 225 pairs of mothers and their infants were recruited in our cohort from June 2011 to July 2013.Infants were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at hour 24,first month and month 6th respectively and were followed up for one year after birth.HBV serological markers and HBV DNA in the peripheral blood of both mothers and infants were detected by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results Six HBV infection models were detected in HBsAg-positive mothers,and "HBsAg (+),HBeAg (+),anti-HBc (+)" (model one) and "HBsAg (+),anti-HBe (+),anti-HBc (+)" (model two) accounted for 92.5％ (208/225) of all the models.Rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers in model one was lower than those in model two,the differences are statistically significant (x2=4.80,P=0.029).The rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants showed a downward trend with the rising of HBeAg level in their mothers (x2=4.86,P=0.028).Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the HBeAg of the HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly correlated with the low risk of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants (OR=0.598,95％CI:0.378-0.947).The positive rate of serum HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive mothers was 54.2％,while the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV DNA positive mothers was similar to those infants born to HBV DNA negative mothers (X2=0.22,P=0.640).Conclusions "HBsAg (+),HBeAg (+),anti-HBc (+)" and "HBsAg (+),anti-HBe(+),anti-HBc (+)" were the common models seen in HBsAg-positive mothers,and the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine was different between the two models.HBeAg of HBsAg-positive mothers might have positive effects on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants but the mechanisms remained not clear.HBV DNA of the HBsAg-positive mothers did not seem to be correlated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants.
ABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection and explore the influence factors and their interaction on HIV/HCV co-infection of patient's access to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods A face to face interviews were conducted among 750 patients at two MMT clinics in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The questionnaires information included demographic characteristics,HIV and HCV infection status,history of drug abuse,urine test for morphine,high risk sex behaviors,needle sharing,dropped out etc.Methods of x2 test one-way,multivariate logistic regression and interactions were used to analyze the related factors of HIV/HCV co-infection.Results The study subjects included 750 participants,18.31％ (127/691) of patients were co-infected with HIV and HCV.The HIV/HCV co-infection rate in patients who shared needles with others or dropped out of treatment was 35.84％ (81/226) and 19.88％ (64/322) respectively,which were higher than those who have never shared needles or dropped out (9.89％,46/465 and 17.07％,63/369).Logistic regression analysis results showed that after adjusted for confounding factors,patients who shared needles (OR=4.50,95％CI:2.72-7.43) and dropped out of treatment (OR=1.71,95％CI:1.04-2.80) were more likely to be infected with HIV/HCV.Interaction analysis showed that sharing needles and dropping out of treatment exist additive effect on co-infection of HIV and HCV (RERI=4.21,AP=0.44,SI=1.95).Conclusions Needle sharing and dropping out of treatment are associated with HIV/HCV co-infection.Health education,psychological counseling and other measures should be taken to reduce needle sharing and dropping out of MMT.
ABSTRACT
Under the"Internet +" era, some medical staff' s treatment philosophy cannot adapt to the current situation, and patients are prone to produce high expectations because of inadequate basic medical knowledge and the habit of acquiring medical information from Internet. However, when the difference between reality and expec-tations are large, they might be in disputes with medical staffs, and coupled with the lag of hospital management, the doctor-patient communication often is not smooth situation. Therefore, it is recommended that medical staffs improve humanistic quality meanwhile improving technology, patients should develop the habit of acquiring medical information from Internet correctly, hospital needs to optimize management and allocate medical resource reasona-bly, and society should also create positive atmosphere.
ABSTRACT
Progression of acute isolated pontine infarction (IPI) is a common clinical event that positively correlates with the patients' adverse prognosis.Therefore,exploration on the relevant factors and predictors to the progression of IPI has become the current research hotspot.To date,the relevant factors that have been proposed include basilar artery branch disease,female,hypertension and blood pressure fluctuation,hyperglycemia,morphological features of the lesions (ventral surface of pons involvement,located at the lower pons,multiple axial slices affected,conglomerated beads shape),severe white matter diseases,atherosclerosis,long diameter and midline location of basilar artery,and so on.However,the interpretation on existing results has to be cautious as the definition for progressive IPI,criteria for inclusion and exclusion,and examinations are inconsistent in different studies.The investigation on relevant factors to the progression of IPI still requires standardized,large-scale prospective clinical studies.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy.Methods Between March 2012 and September 2016,the pregnant women from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were asked to fill in a set of questionnaires,by which information on general demographic characteristics,diagnosis of GDM and dietary cholesterol intake was collected.Unconditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on GDM,at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy.The association on dietary cholesterol intake and GDM between age groups was also analyzed.Results Data on 9 005 subjects,including 1 388 pregnant women with GDM,was collected.When the amount of cholesterol intake was stratified into quartile,results from the unconditional logistic regression showed that dietary cholesterol intake appeared ≥76.50 mg/d,both in the periods of one year prior to and the second trimester of pregnancy.This amount of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM (one year prior to pregnant:OR=1.230,95％CI:1.018-1.485;second trimester:OR=1.228,95％C1:1.014-1.486).Women who took ≥76.50 mg/d of daily cholesterol during the period of one year prior to,or 46.75-76.50 mg/d during the second trimester of pregnancy,the risks of GDM (OR=4.644,95％CI:1.106-19.499) would increase.Women with daily cholesterol intake over 76.50 mg/d during the period of one year prior to or at the second trimester of pregnancy,there appeared a risk on GDM (OR=1.217,95％ CI:1.012-1.463).When maternal age was divided in two different subgroups and the cholesterol intake level was ≥76.50 mg/d both in the period of one year prior to pregnancy or at the second trimester,the risk of GDM appeared in the subgroup of ＜35 years old (OR=1.336,95％CI:1.083-1.647;OR=1.341,95％CI:1.087-1.654).However,no significant association was found in the maternal age group of ≥35 years old.Conclusion High level of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM,both in the period of one year prior to and at the second trimester of pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between the status of HBsAg-positive infection of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants.Methods A total of 225 pairs of mothers and their infants were recruited in our cohort from June 2011 to July 2013.Infants were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at hour 24,first month and month 6th respectively and were followed up for one year after birth.HBV serological markers and HBV DNA in the peripheral blood of both mothers and infants were detected by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results Six HBV infection models were detected in HBsAg-positive mothers,and "HBsAg (+),HBeAg (+),anti-HBc (+)" (model one) and "HBsAg (+),anti-HBe (+),anti-HBc (+)" (model two) accounted for 92.5％ (208/225) of all the models.Rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers in model one was lower than those in model two,the differences are statistically significant (x2=4.80,P=0.029).The rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants showed a downward trend with the rising of HBeAg level in their mothers (x2=4.86,P=0.028).Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the HBeAg of the HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly correlated with the low risk of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants (OR=0.598,95％CI:0.378-0.947).The positive rate of serum HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive mothers was 54.2％,while the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV DNA positive mothers was similar to those infants born to HBV DNA negative mothers (X2=0.22,P=0.640).Conclusions "HBsAg (+),HBeAg (+),anti-HBc (+)" and "HBsAg (+),anti-HBe(+),anti-HBc (+)" were the common models seen in HBsAg-positive mothers,and the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine was different between the two models.HBeAg of HBsAg-positive mothers might have positive effects on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants but the mechanisms remained not clear.HBV DNA of the HBsAg-positive mothers did not seem to be correlated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants.
ABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection and explore the influence factors and their interaction on HIV/HCV co-infection of patient's access to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods A face to face interviews were conducted among 750 patients at two MMT clinics in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The questionnaires information included demographic characteristics,HIV and HCV infection status,history of drug abuse,urine test for morphine,high risk sex behaviors,needle sharing,dropped out etc.Methods of x2 test one-way,multivariate logistic regression and interactions were used to analyze the related factors of HIV/HCV co-infection.Results The study subjects included 750 participants,18.31％ (127/691) of patients were co-infected with HIV and HCV.The HIV/HCV co-infection rate in patients who shared needles with others or dropped out of treatment was 35.84％ (81/226) and 19.88％ (64/322) respectively,which were higher than those who have never shared needles or dropped out (9.89％,46/465 and 17.07％,63/369).Logistic regression analysis results showed that after adjusted for confounding factors,patients who shared needles (OR=4.50,95％CI:2.72-7.43) and dropped out of treatment (OR=1.71,95％CI:1.04-2.80) were more likely to be infected with HIV/HCV.Interaction analysis showed that sharing needles and dropping out of treatment exist additive effect on co-infection of HIV and HCV (RERI=4.21,AP=0.44,SI=1.95).Conclusions Needle sharing and dropping out of treatment are associated with HIV/HCV co-infection.Health education,psychological counseling and other measures should be taken to reduce needle sharing and dropping out of MMT.
ABSTRACT
Objective To reveal the prevalence and the related factors of hepatitis B (HepB) virus infection among HIV/AIDS patients.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in two HIV clinics,affiliated to local Centers of Disease Control and Prevention in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional.A face-to-face interview,with questionnaire was conducted to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics,drug use,and sexual behavior.Blood samples were used to test HBsAg.x2 test or Fisher's exact test and unconditional logistic regression models were used to identify the influencing factors.Results The prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection was 13.85％ (113/816).Results from multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that age (25-45),family history of HBV and history of HepB vaccination were independent influencing factors for HBV and HIV coinfection,with OR (95％ CI) as 1.738 (1.031-2.931),2.898 (1.678-5.005) and 1.744 (1.052-2.892),respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of HBV among HIV/AIDS patients was significantly higher than that in general population.HIV/AIDS patients aged between 25 and 45 and with family history of HBV were more likely to be infected with HBV,while HepB vaccination was associated with the reduction of HIV/HBV coinfection.Specific comprehensive prevention and treatment programs on HIV/AIDS patients need to be set up.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between HBeAg in HBsAg positive mothers and CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg) in newborns,as well as how they would influence the increasing risk on HBV intrauterine transmission.Methods We collected information on general demographic characteristics and delivery on 270 HBsAg positive mothers and their newborns from the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan.Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) were used to detect HBV DNA and HBV serological markers in peripheral blood from both mothers and neonates.The expression of Treg and other immune cells in peripheral blood of neonates were detected with flow cytometry (FCM).Results Maternal HBeAg positive rates were associated with an increased risk of intrauterine transmission (0R=4.08,95％ CI:1.89-8.82).Rates of T.reg in newborns born to HBsAg-positive mothers were higher than that of the negative group (Z=2.29,P=0.022).Each pair of the subjects was assigned to five different groups according to the HBeAg titers of mothers.Frequencies of both Treg and HBeAg in newboms and HBV DNA in mothers between the above said 5 groups showed similar trends of changing patterns and the differences between groups were statistically significant (x2=18.73,P＜0.001;x2=181.60,P＜0.001;x2=183.09,P＜0.001).Results from partial correlation analysis showed that after adjusting for neonatal HBeAg and maternal HBV DNA,mother's HBeAg titers were positively related to the percentage of Treg in their newboms (rs=0.19,P=0.039).In addition,the frequencies of Treg were negatively correlated with pDC and CD4 + T cell in their newborns (rs=-0.21,P=0.017;r,=-0.23,P=0.009).Conclusion HBeAg from HBsAg positive mothers might have inhibited the function of neonatal DC cells and T cells to reduce the immune response to HBV by up-regulating the proportion of Treg and finally increased the risk of HBV intrauterine transmission.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association between periconceptional folic acid supplementation and small for gestational age (SGA) birth based on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and provide evidence for the development of comprehensive prevention programs on SGA birth.Methods Between March,2012 and September,2016,a total of 8 523 pregnant women delivering in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were surveyed to collect the information about their demographic characteristics,folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy and about their infants.Among their infants,1 066 were small for gestational age (case group),7 457 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (control group).Unconditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between periconceptional folic acid supplementation and SGA birth in the context of different pre-pregnancy BMI.Results The overall incidence of SGA birth was 12.51％ (1 066/8 523).After adjusting the confounding factors,prepregnancy BMI＜ 18.5 kg/m2 was a risk factor for SGA birth (OR=1.22,95％ CI:1.01-1.47),prepregnancy BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 was associated with a reduced risk of SGA birth (OR=0.81,95％CI:0.68-0.97).After adjusting confounding factors,periconceptional folic acid supplementation was a protective factor for SGA birth (OR=0.82,95％CI:0.68-0.98).After stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI,periconceptional folic acid supplementation was associated with the reduced risk of SGA birth in overweight group (24.0 kg/m2≤BMI＜28.0 kg/m2) with OR of 0.55 (95％CI:0.36-0.85).No significant association was observed in other groups.When examined by folic acid supplement type,periconceptional single folic acid supplementation (400 μg per tablet) was a protective factor for SGA birth (OR=0.82,95％ CI:0.69-0.99).After stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI,periconceptional single folic acid supplementation (400 μg per tablet) was associated with the reduced risk of SGA birth in overweight groups (OR =0.56,95 ％ CI:0.36-0.86).No association was observed between periconceptional folic acid containing multivitamin supplementation and SGA birth.Conclusions Periconceptional folic acid supplementation (400 μg) was associated with reduced risk of SGA birth in women with prepregnancy BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 and ＜28.0 kg/m2.No association between folic acid supplementation and SGA was observed in other groups.This study suggests that pre-pregnancy BMI might modify the influence of folic acid supplementation on the risk of SGA birth.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-12(IL-12) on immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers.Methods A total of 91 neonates whose mothers were HBsAg-positive were included and followed up for 12 months.HBV DNA and HBV serological markers in the peripheral blood of the neonates and infants were detected with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA),and the levels of IL-6 and IL-12 in the peripheral blood of the neonates and infants were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The non-/hypo-response rate to hepatitis B vaccination was 35.16％ (32/91) in the 91 infants.In the neonatal period and infantile period,the level of IL-6 in non-/hypo-response group was lower than that in high-response group,while the level of IL-12 was higher than that in high-response group,and there was significant difference (P＜0.01).From the neonatal period to the infantile period,the level of IL-6 increased,while the level of IL-12 descended in both groups,and there was significant difference (P＜0.01).Furthermore,the level of anti-HBs of infants was positively correlated with the level of IL-6 (rs =0.70,0.79,P＜ 0.01),and was negatively correlated with the level of IL-12 (rs=-0.71,-0.72,P＜0.01) in the neonatal period and the infantile period.From the neonatal period to the infantile period,the increased level of IL-6 was positively associated with the level of anti-HBs (rs =-0.74,P＜0.01),while the decreased level of IL-12 was negatively associated with the level of anti-HBs (rs=-0.42,P＜0.01).The level of IL-6 was negatively correlated with the level of IL-12 in the neonatal period and the infantile period (rs=-0.68,-0.70,P＜0.01).Conclusions IL-6 might promote the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants whose mothers were HBsAg-positive,while IL-12 might inhibit the immune response.IL-6 and IL-12 would affect the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers at the same time.